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Raymond Chandler Review

Raymond Chandler
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Raymond Chandler ReviewForty years after his death Chandler was in need of a new study, both of his life and of his writing. This one strikes me as dealing with the former better than with the latter, but it has interesting and illuminating things to say about both. However what I want to commend the book for above all is just how readable it is. Chandler himself had some trenchant and uncomplimentary things to say about some of the more intellectual kinds of writing, creative as well as critical, Hiney quotes some of these with evident approval, and I fancy the book was written with a sense of Chandler's ghost looking over the biographer's shoulder, alert to detect and deflate pretentiousness.
Chandler's story is a triumph of talent over alcoholic insecurity. He never knew his alcoholic father, and he was educated through the charity, far from affectionate but very real and very patient and long-suffering, of an uncle. He attended one of England's better schools, presided over by one of the more enlightened headmasters of the time. This headmaster instilled a distaste for insincerity and pretence that stayed with Chandler to the end. Chandler was always a bit of a loner. In his early years his only real relationship was with his hard-pressed mother, and he displayed an innocence that stayed with him throughout his life too that lurks behind the seeming worldliness and disillusionment that he displays both in his books and in his dealings with the world around him. He once said of himself that he `could be a good second-rate anything.' This was a fairly modest self-assessment, given his brains and astuteness. He achieved rapid promotion in his Californian oil company through his gift for figures and his alertness to fraud until his drinking brought that career to an end. His later business dealings were also fairly savvy, both in Hollywood and in relation to his publishers and agents, and his sheer ability ensured that although he died a booze-sodden ruin he did not die a poor one. He seems even to have possessed real interpersonal ability too through his wit and charm whenever he could be bothered to exercise it. However to the end of his days he made few friends and retained fewer. After his mother's death he cared greatly for nobody in particular with the solitary exception of his hyperbolic devotion to his wife. Innocent in some ways to the end, he had fallen for her claim to be ten years younger than she was, and their relationship reads to me less like some grand passion than like the tale of a shipwrecked mariner who has developed a strong affection for the lifebelt that is keeping him afloat.
On the literary side, there are copious quotations from Chandler's letters, which is a good thing for giving us some of his less-known wisecracks. I had expected to see more about The Simple Art of Murder, the article in which Chandler expounds his ideas of the detective story and of Marlowe. However one mystery was solved for me. When young I knew the seven Marlowe novels virtually by heart, but to this day I have never been able to follow the plot of any of them. No wonder, it seems. Chandler himself claims to have been writing without actually knowing whodunnit until late in the stories. He did not want his books to be read for the sake of knowing who killed whoever it was, but for their quality as novels. Excellent. However in that case why does Mr Hiney devote so much of his comment to summarising the plots? He is not even entirely accurate, but what I criticise is not that, which on his and Chandler's own showing is unimportant, but the proportion of the text given to these summaries. There is not really much about what made Chandler the phenomenon he was, and was recognised for by the great and the good such as Eliot, Auden and Waugh. There is a certain amount about the relative quality of the seven novels, and a certain amount of it I go along with, such as that The High Window is not quite the equal of the books that preceded it and immediately followed it. As he works his way through them, I sense myself diverging from him. He may be more in line with mainstream opinion than I am, but he is not fully explicit about his own views, so I shall venture mine.
Marlowe, to me, is partly an idealised figure. One would infer this from The Simple Art without reading the books. Hiney seems happy with a certain development in Marlowe's character, reminiscent of the Doonesbury series, that naturally belongs in the later books; and I do not think this is the best way to appreciate them. The earlier books find Marlowe resilient, intelligent certainly but not greatly introspective, cynical certainly but not exactly disillusioned, able to soak up incredible quantities of punishment (although perfectly credible quantities of alcohol - Hiney exaggerates this), but always ready with the immortal dialogue and bons mots that make these books unique. There is detailed observation and description (of Marriott say, or Amthor) but there is never much sense of personal involvement. And it is precisely this detachment that makes Marlowe and Chandler what they amount to. Relax this restriction - have any of the characters talk more confessionally, show more in-depth interest - and the magic formula is voided; and that, for me, is the undoing of The Long Goodbye. Of all the seven books, Hiney shows least interest in The Little Sister, and I wonder whether I'm out on a limb in thinking it the best of them. It's like fruit on the point of going overripe, the plot is more incomprehensible than ever, and the dialogue is Chandler's very best (how does Hiney manage to find the sad Playback the funniest of these novels?) It has something else too - a palpable sense of the LA sunshine that I have come to know so well.
I also miss anything about Chandler as a literary craftsman. It's unusual for a private detective to comment on Flaubert, but Chandler admired him, and in the first five of his novels you will get the same impression that every sentence, indeed every word, has been carefully worked on. Chandler was a great writer as well as a great novelist, he is still wearing well nearly 50 years after he died, this book serves his memory well and I drink to that.Raymond Chandler Overview

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Ayn Rand and the World She Made Review

Ayn Rand and the World She Made
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Ayn Rand and the World She Made Review
More than fair.
Listening to this on audiobook while doing various domestic chores was a real treat. Having read *Anthem*, *Atlas*, *The Fountainhead* twice, and a number of Rand's essays, I have always been interested in her philosophy--not so much as an adherent but out of recognition that Rand's philosophical and political perspective merits consideration in its own right and as an ideological reality on the American political landscape.
Heller weaves Rand's unique and impressive life story (horrified as a youngster at the brutality of the Soviet revolution she escapes to America to pursue the improbable dream of being a novelist) with her evolving formal philosophy celebrating the primacy of the individual, the virtue of enlightened selfishness, the inherent moral superiority of capitalism over collectivism, and the rejection of all forms of mysticism in favor of her Objectivist view of the world as real, knowable, and enjoyable by rational men and women of virtue.
The biographical sketch also presents a picture that, while noxious to many of Rand's admirers (see below) does not surprise: Transfixed by her romantic vision of human potential and herself and her work as its embodiment, Rand ultimately coped with the contradictions between her ideal world and reality (her limitations and irrational impulses, the failures of followers to conduct themselves according to her stringent standards of virtue, the inability to find in either husband Frank O'Connor or lover Nathaniel Brandon a genuine exemplar of the Ideal Man) with the self-delusion and blind hysteria to which I fear most hopeless and frustrated romantics eventually devolve. That her inner circle of devotees was routinely purged of dissent and presumed treason through bizarre ritualistic "psychotherapy" sessions and/or public censure as one adjutant after another fell short of Rand's impossible and self-contradictory demands for intellectual and social conformity was the most salient manifestation of this.
But in the end the book is more about Ayn Rand the person than her philosophy. I was nearly brought to tears myself when I read the books final pages, about how Ayn slept and sat by ailing and demented Frank in his final weeks, and then wept for days upon his death. I think most of us would accept death and all its attendant grief and regret as just the final of life's ambiguities, but I cannot help but wonder if this weak and lonely rendition of Ayn Rand in her last three years was not, in a way I imagine she would have bitterly denied, a more "real" version of her.
Ayn Rand was clearly a genius, and in some ways an ideal American in pursuing a singular passion with a dogged determination that would shame most of us "mediocritie." She also at times embodied the very real human tragedy that can result from an impossible interpretation of oneself and the world. Note on other reviewers' take:
Before writing this I took the time to read the comments of those who gave the book one star. The most compelling was by an acquaintance of Rand who said Heller's particular version of the physical writing of *Atlas Shrugged* was inaccurate. If taken at face value this proves simply that a vast journalistic investigation can include error. It strikes me as peripheral to the overall quality of this impressive work of biography synthesized with philosophical critique (in the literary sense of the word.) One critic lamely argued that Heller at one point said the early Soviets such as Lennon were not anti-Semitic, then later indicated that subsequent Soviet regimes were brutal to Jews, and thus contradicted herself. The critic grossly overestimated his own cleverness in posting this jab about what is, when you examine it, not a contradiction at all.
Other negative reviewers bemoaned Heller's "total lack of understanding of Rand's ideas" or that it "failed to acknowledge the impact" Rand had on her numerous enthusiasts. These accusations are simply false. It is true the book contains no formal exposition of Rand's Objectivist philosophy, but this was not its purpose. Instead Rand's ideas are woven throughout the story as they become progressively relevant to the political and social contexts in which she worked and lived. (People can read John Galt's speech whenever they wish without Heller reciting it verbatim.) Further, Heller fully acknowledged in later chapters that Rand's works attracted an impressive following, such as the jokingly named "collective" which included Alan Greenspan and a survey of American readers which voted *Atlas* and *The Fountainhead* the first and second most influential books read, respectively.
In fact Heller in numerous places noted Ayn Rand's perspicacity (such as her recognition of the inherent corruption and brutality of the Bolshevik revolution when many in the American left still held the new regime in delusional high regard). Heller also defends Rand's legacy against the unreasonably derisive screeds written by hostile reviewers of *Atlas* and *The Fountainhead*. She writes admiringly of Rand's ability to charm audiences with her charisma and entrancing idealism, culminating in her speech at West Point that was only marred by a cavalierly jingoistic response to a question by a Native American cadet regarding the morality of the US government's treatment of native peoples. Heller admits in the beginning of the book that she is no ally of Rand's philosophy but nonetheless goes out of her way to acknowledge all that was worth admiring in this amazing and complex figure.
I fear these dismissive readers (if they read the book at all) of Heller simply cannot tolerate the iconic figure of Ayn Rand being held in anything less than the unrealistic regard in which she held herself.
Ayn Rand and the World She Made Overview

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